summarize the key points of the paper:Fitzgerald, David. 2004., "Beyond 'Transnationalism': Mexican Hometown Politics at an American Labor Union," Ethnic and Racial Studies 27(2):228-247.

In the paper "Beyond 'Transnationalism': Mexican Hometown Politics at an American Labor Union," David Fitzgerald explores the dynamics of Mexican hometown politics within the context of an American labor union. Here are the key points: 1. **Transnationalism Conceptualization**: Fitzgerald critiques the prevailing transnationalism framework, which often overlooks grassroots political engagement and the nuanced ways migrants connect to their hometowns while participating in organizations abroad. 2. **Hometown Associations**: The study highlights the role of hometown associations as critical networks for Mexican migrants in the U.S., illustrating how these groups serve as platforms for political engagement and community solidarity among members who share regional ties. 3. **Labor Union Dynamics**: Fitzgerald examines how these hometown politics influence the activities and structures of labor unions, arguing that they provide a means for migrants to assert their identities and interests within the American labor landscape. 4. **Cultural Resources**: The paper discusses the cultural resources that migrants draw from their hometowns, which aid in negotiating their positions in the labor union and enhance collective bargaining efforts. 5. **Political Mobilization**: Fitzgerald emphasizes that the interaction between hometown associations and labor unions can lead to significant political mobilization, with implications for both local and transnational activism. 6. **Policy Implications**: The findings suggest that policymakers and labor organizations should recognize the importance of these local connections and cultural ties in order to foster more effective labor relations and address the needs of immigrant workers. Overall, Fitzgerald's work calls for a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between local identities and transnational practices in the political activities of Mexican immigrants in the U.S. labor context.