Why did they not introduce the death penalty for maniacs, pedophiles, thieves, corrupt officials, demolishing historical buildings, looters?

The decision to not introduce the death penalty for various crimes, including those you've mentioned, is influenced by a complex mix of ethical, legal, and practical considerations. Here are some reasons why many countries have moved away from capital punishment or still do not apply it to these offenses:

**Human Rights Concerns**: Many argue that the death penalty is a violation of fundamental human rights, including the right to life and the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. International human rights organizations advocate for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide.

**Risk of Wrongful Convictions**: The irreversible nature of the death penalty raises significant concerns about the potential for wrongful convictions. There have been numerous cases where innocent people were sentenced to death and later exonerated.

**Deterrence Debates**: The effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent to serious crimes is highly debated. Many studies suggest that it does not effectively deter crime more than life imprisonment.

**Moral and Ethical Views**: Societal values regarding punishment vary widely, and many people believe that the state should not have the power to take a life. Opinions on justice and morality influence legislation and public policy.

**Focus on Rehabilitation**: Some legal systems prioritize rehabilitation over retribution. The idea is that individuals who commit crimes can be rehabilitated and reintegrated into society, rather than being subjected to capital punishment.

**Practical Implementation Issues**: The logistics of carrying out the death penalty can be complicated, leading to significant costs and legal challenges. Legal processes in capital cases are often lengthy and resource-intensive.

**Cultural and Political Factors**: The acceptance of the death penalty varies across cultures and political contexts. Some nations have abolished it altogether, while others maintain it for specific crimes or under certain circumstances.

**Historical Context**: In many countries, historical movements have led to the abolition of the death penalty due to shifts in public opinion and changing societal norms regarding justice and punishment.

Each of these reasons contributes to the broad and ongoing debate about the death penalty and its suitability as a response to various crimes.