summarize the key points of the paper:Tyner, James A. 1999. "The global context of gendered labor migration from the Philippines to the United States." American Behavioral Scientist 42.4: 671-689.

In James A. Tyner's paper, "The Global Context of Gendered Labor Migration from the Philippines to the United States," he explores the socio-economic and political factors influencing the migration patterns of Filipino workers, particularly focusing on gender dynamics. Here are the key points:

**Historical Context**: The paper outlines the historical migration trends from the Philippines to the United States, emphasizing the role of colonial legacies and economic conditions that have shaped migration flows.

**Gendered Labor Migration**: Tyner discusses how gender affects labor migration, noting that women's migration is often linked to specific labor demands in the U.S., such as domestic work and caregiving, which are traditionally female roles.

**Economic Factors**: The analysis highlights economic disparities in the Philippines, including poverty and unemployment, which drive many Filipinos to seek opportunities abroad, with women increasingly participating in the labor force.

**Social Networks**: The paper investigates the importance of social networks in facilitating migration, as family and community ties play a significant role in encouraging women to migrate and obtain employment in the U.S.

**Policy Implications**: Tyner critically examines U.S. immigration policies and their impact on Filipino migrants, particularly women, discussing issues such as labor rights, exploitation, and the challenges of integration into the U.S. labor market.

**Cultural Dimensions**: The study addresses how cultural perceptions of gender influence migration experiences, including the roles and expectations of women in both the Philippines and the U.S.

**Conclusion**: Tyner concludes by stressing the need for a nuanced understanding of how global economic processes intersect with gender to shape migration patterns, advocating for policies that address the specific needs and challenges faced by female migrant workers.

Overall, the paper emphasizes the complex interplay of gender, economics, and policy in understanding Filipino migration to the United States.