summarize the key points of the paper:Halpern-Manners, Andrew. 2011. "The Effect of Family Member Migration on Education and Work among Nonmigrant Youth in Mexico." Demography 48(1):73-99.

In the paper "The Effect of Family Member Migration on Education and Work among Nonmigrant Youth in Mexico," Andrew Halpern-Manners examines how the migration of family members affects the educational and labor outcomes of nonmigrant youth in Mexico. Key points from the paper include:

**Research Context**: The study is set against the backdrop of significant migration trends in Mexico, particularly to the United States, and explores how these migrations impact those who remain in the home country.

**Data and Methodology**: Halpern-Manners utilizes survey data to track the educational and employment statuses of youth who have family members living abroad. He employs statistical methods to differentiate the effects of migration from other confounding factors.

**Impact on Education**: The findings indicate that nonmigrant youth who have family members who have migrated tend to have lower educational attainment. The paper discusses potential reasons for this, such as the absence of parental guidance and support.

**Economic Contributions**: Conversely, the remittances sent by migrant family members can provide financial resources that may benefit the educational opportunities for nonmigrant youth, although the overall effect on education remains negative.

**Work Outcomes**: Nonmigrant youth are more likely to enter the labor force earlier and take on jobs, potentially due to the need to support their families or because of changes in household responsibilities following a family member's migration.

**Policy Implications**: The paper highlights the importance of considering family migration's broader impacts on communities, especially in terms of education and work policies that could support nonmigrant youth.

**Conclusions**: Halpern-Manners concludes that the effects of migration on nonmigrant youth are complex and multifaceted, influencing their education and labor market outcomes in both direct and indirect ways.

Overall, the paper contributes to the understanding of how family dynamics shaped by migration can impact youth development and highlights the need for targeted interventions to support affected populations.