paraphrase 1. Physical splintering: Infrastructure projects such as tailings storage facilities, roads, railways, water system trenches, etcetera can prompt the fragmenting of local networks that in turn prompt social impact, for example, forfeiture of in

1. Physical fragmentation: Infrastructure developments such as tailings storage facilities, roads, railways, and water system trenches can lead to the disintegration of local networks, which may result in social consequences such as the loss of informal networks, assets, and in extreme cases, relocation and resettlement. 2. Urban expansion: This refers to the growth of urban areas into previously rural or suburban regions, accompanied by changes in land use and increased pressure on urban infrastructure. 3. Enhanced transport and rural accessibility: Improvements in transportation services lead to greater accessibility, effectively resulting in various changes in population dynamics.