Steven Ndou, as the Finance Manager at the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality, is a member of **a. middle** management.

d. the contingency approach to management The contingency approach to management suggests that there is no single best way to manage; instead, it emphasizes adapting management styles and practices to the specific context and circumstances. In this case, Mr. Yusuf Affi is recognizing that different environments (manufacturing vs. academic) require different approaches to management, and he should adapt his style accordingly to suit the

The correct answer is a. **systems approach**. This approach emphasizes understanding the interconnections and interactions between the various parts of an organization and managing them as an integrated whole.

The school of management thought that sought to identify the most important functional areas in a business is known as the **management process school**. So the correct answer is: **b. management process school**.

Taskeen Aboobaker, as an operations manager who arranges meetings with subordinates and collaborates on projects, is part of the **middle management** level. Middle management typically oversees the activities of lower management and reports to senior management while ensuring that the company's policies and objectives are effectively implemented at the operational level. So the correct answer is **d. middle management**.

Steve Maboko, as a supervisor, is currently on the **d. lower** level of management at Festivewear Manufacturers.

The correct answer is: **b. representative figure; leader; maintaining good relations** In the interpersonal role of a CEO, they typically act as a figurehead or representative for the organization, lead the team and staff, and work on maintaining good relationships both within the organization and with external stakeholders.

c. JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index

If a company such as Hyperama supports a local nursing home, it **d. improves the quality of life**. Supporting a nursing home typically involves enhancing the well-being and living conditions of the residents, thus contributing positively to their quality of life.

d. Natural resources are used reasonably. Using natural resources reasonably helps ensure that they are available for future generations, minimizes environmental impact, and supports sustainable development.

The correct statement regarding the triple bottom line is: c. It measures the business’s financial, social and environmental impact. The triple bottom line framework evaluates a company's commitment to sustainability by considering economic (profit), social (people), and environmental (planet) aspects.

The employees of a company such as Shoprite Checkers are viewed as **c. primary** stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those who are directly affected by the company's operations and decisions, and employees fall into this category as they are directly involved in the day-to-day functioning of the business.

Philanthropic social responsibility refers to **a. contributing resources to the community**.

The correct answer is: **a. corporate social responsibility**. Sponsoring local schools’ girls’ soccer outfits falls under corporate social responsibility as it involves a company taking initiatives that contribute to the social good of the community.

a. Total Quality Management

b. Economy The core values of the United Nations Global Compact include Human Rights, Environmental Sustainability, Labor Standards, and Anti-Corruption, but "Economy" is not listed as one of the core values.

The correct answer is **c. Accountability**. Accountability ensures that an organization can motivate every action taken, build confidence among stakeholders, and assist in ownership of risks.

In Python, both the `__str__` and `__repr__` methods are used to define string representations of an object, but they serve different purposes and are intended for different audiences. ### `__str__` Method: - The `__str__` method is intended to provide a "nice" or user-friendly string representation of an object. This is what is returned when you use the `str()` function or print the object. - Its primary goal is to be readable and present the