Make a list of chemical properties and chemical changes.
Certainly! Here’s a list that differentiates between chemical properties and chemical changes:
### Chemical Properties
Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to undergo specific chemical changes. They can only be observed during a chemical reaction.
1. **Reactivity with other chemicals** - How a substance reacts with acids, bases, oxidizers, etc.
2. **Flammability** - The ability of a substance to burn or ignite.
3. **Oxidation states** - The potential of a substance to gain or lose electrons in reactions.
4. **pH** - The acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
5. **Toxicity** - The potential of a substance to cause harm to living organisms.
6. **Corrosiveness** - Ability to chemically wear away another substance.
7. **Stability** - The likelihood that a substance will undergo a chemical change over time.
8. **Sensitivity to light** - The reactivity of a substance in the presence of light.
9. **Formation of precipitates** - The possibility of forming solid particles when two solutions react.
10. **Heat of combustion** - The energy released when a substance combusts completely.
### Chemical Changes
Chemical changes refer to processes where substances transform into different substances with new chemical properties. Indicators of a chemical change can include color change, gas release, and temperature change.
1. **Burning** - Combustion of a substance, converting it into ash and gases.
2. **Rusting** - Oxidation of iron or other metals when exposed to moisture and oxygen.
3. **Digestion** - Breakdown of food into simpler chemical compounds.
4. **Fermentation** - Conversion of sugars into acids or alcohol by microorganisms.
5. **Photosynthesis** - The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.
6. **Souring of milk** - Fermentation of lactose into lactic acid.
7. **Baking** - The transformation of dough into bread through the application of heat.
8. **Explosions** - Rapid reactions that release gases and energy.
9. **Chemical synthesis** - Combining different substances to create a new compound.
10. **Reaction of acids and bases** - Neutralization reactions producing salt and water.
These properties and changes illustrate the fundamental ways compounds behave under various conditions, marking the distinction between their intrinsic characteristics and the transformations they can undergo.