Differentiate between parallel and serial communication. Give an example of each.

Parallel and serial communication are two methods of transmitting data between devices. ### Parallel Communication In parallel communication, multiple bits of data are sent simultaneously over multiple channels (wires or connections). This allows for faster data transmission since several bits can be communicated at the same time. However, because multiple wires are involved, parallel communication can be subject to issues like crosstalk and signal degradation over longer distances. #### Example of Parallel Communication: An example of parallel communication is the **Centronics interface used for printers**. In this case, an 8-bit data bus sends data to a printer using 8 separate wires, allowing for entire bytes to be transmitted in parallel. Parallel communication is typically used in short-distance connections due to its speed advantage over serial communication. ### Serial Communication Serial communication, on the other hand, sends data one bit at a time over a single channel or wire. While this method may be slower than parallel communication, it is less susceptible to interference and can be used over longer distances. Serial communication is often preferred in modern applications due to its simplicity and efficiency. #### Example of Serial Communication: An example of serial communication is the **RS-232 standard** used for serial ports on computers. In this case, data is transmitted one bit at a time over a single wire (or a few wires for control signals), making it suitable for connecting devices like modems, mice, and keyboards over longer distances. ### Summary - **Parallel Communication**: Multiple bits sent simultaneously over multiple channels. Example: Centronics printer interface. - **Serial Communication**: Bits sent one at a time over a single channel. Example: RS-232 serial port.