Classify the following thermodynamic systems in the five categories discussed in the class: a. A solid bar of copper b. A glass of ice water c. A yttrium-stabilized zirconia furnace tube d. A Styrofoam coffee cup e. A eutectic alloy turbine blade ro

In thermodynamics, systems can typically be classified into five major categories: isolated, closed, open, adiabatic, and non-adiabatic systems. Here, we'll classify each system based on the information provided and make necessary assumptions where appropriate. ### a. A solid bar of copper - **Classification**: Closed System - **Explanation**: Assume the bar is insulated from its surroundings. It can exchange heat with the surroundings but does not allow mass transfer. Thus, it is classified as a closed thermodynamic system. ### b. A glass of ice water - **Classification**: Open System - **Explanation**: The glass can exchange both heat (with the surrounding air) and mass (with the ice if it melts or water evaporates). Therefore, it is an open system as there are interactions of both energy and matter with the surroundings. ### c. A yttrium-stabilized zirconia furnace tube - **Classification**: Closed System (with some assumptions) - **Explanation**: Assuming we're considering the furnace tube itself and not the entire furnace, it can exchange heat with the contents of the furnace and the environment, but it does not allow for mass transfer unless specified that the contents can leak or be exchanged, which is not assumed here. ### d. A Styrofoam coffee cup - **Classification**: Adiabatic System (approximately) - **Explanation**: Styrofoam is a good insulator; therefore, under certain conditions, we can approximate this system as adiabatic when considering heat exchange over short periods. However, in reality, there may still be some heat exchange with the surroundings, so if we are strict, it could also be considered a closed system. ### e. A eutectic alloy turbine blade rotating at 20000 rpm - **Classification**: Closed System (with dynamic motion and thermal exchanges) - **Explanation**: The turbine blade itself does not allow mass exchange; however, it can exchange heat with the surrounding air and possibly with the fluid it interacts with during operation. Thus, it is still a closed system under the assumption that it does not lose mass. The high rotational speed indicates dynamic processes, but this doesn't change the classification regarding thermodynamic exchanges. ### Summary - a. Solid bar of copper: Closed System - b. Glass of ice water: Open System - c. Yttrium-stabilized zirconia furnace tube: Closed System - d. Styrofoam coffee cup: Adiabatic System (approximately) - e. Eutectic alloy turbine blade: Closed System