Mangalani Mudau would determine whether the implemented plan resulted in the attainment of the established goals during: **b. Step 5: Reactive planning.** Reactive planning typically involves assessing the outcomes of the implemented plans and determining if the goals set in the initial step were achieved.

This is an example of a **medium-term** plan, which is set by **middle-level** managers. So the correct answer is: **b. medium-term; lower-level**

The correct answer is: c. goal setting; developing plans; implementation

The correct answer is **a. efficiency**. Efficiency refers to the ability to achieve a goal using the least amount of resources possible. In this case, the goal is to reach a target of 100 tons worth of deliveries per month while minimizing the use of labor, input, time, and equipment.

The correct answer is **b. re-engineering**. Re-engineering emphasizes the importance of focusing on an organization's core activities and often involves outsourcing non-core functions to enhance efficiency and effectiveness.

The correct statement about the middle management level is: **d. Middle managers design and carry out tactical plans.** Middle managers typically focus on implementing the strategic goals set by upper management through tactical planning and coordinating the activities of lower management and staff.

Steven Ndou, as the Finance Manager at the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality, is a member of **a. middle** management.

d. the contingency approach to management The contingency approach to management suggests that there is no single best way to manage; instead, it emphasizes adapting management styles and practices to the specific context and circumstances. In this case, Mr. Yusuf Affi is recognizing that different environments (manufacturing vs. academic) require different approaches to management, and he should adapt his style accordingly to suit the

The correct answer is a. **systems approach**. This approach emphasizes understanding the interconnections and interactions between the various parts of an organization and managing them as an integrated whole.

The school of management thought that sought to identify the most important functional areas in a business is known as the **management process school**. So the correct answer is: **b. management process school**.

Taskeen Aboobaker, as an operations manager who arranges meetings with subordinates and collaborates on projects, is part of the **middle management** level. Middle management typically oversees the activities of lower management and reports to senior management while ensuring that the company's policies and objectives are effectively implemented at the operational level. So the correct answer is **d. middle management**.

Steve Maboko, as a supervisor, is currently on the **d. lower** level of management at Festivewear Manufacturers.

The correct answer is: **b. representative figure; leader; maintaining good relations** In the interpersonal role of a CEO, they typically act as a figurehead or representative for the organization, lead the team and staff, and work on maintaining good relationships both within the organization and with external stakeholders.

c. JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index

If a company such as Hyperama supports a local nursing home, it **d. improves the quality of life**. Supporting a nursing home typically involves enhancing the well-being and living conditions of the residents, thus contributing positively to their quality of life.

d. Natural resources are used reasonably. Using natural resources reasonably helps ensure that they are available for future generations, minimizes environmental impact, and supports sustainable development.

The correct statement regarding the triple bottom line is: c. It measures the business’s financial, social and environmental impact. The triple bottom line framework evaluates a company's commitment to sustainability by considering economic (profit), social (people), and environmental (planet) aspects.

The employees of a company such as Shoprite Checkers are viewed as **c. primary** stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those who are directly affected by the company's operations and decisions, and employees fall into this category as they are directly involved in the day-to-day functioning of the business.