The marketing department at PVR Consultants includes sub-departments, such as sales and advertising, which all report to the marketing manager. Phineas Makaba is the marketing manager and he has authority over Thabiso Maseko, the sales manager, and John V

Phineas Makaba, as the marketing manager with authority over the sales manager and advertising manager, has: **c. line authority** Line authority refers to the direct authority that a manager has over their subordinates, enabling them to make decisions and issue directives. In this case, Phineas has direct control over Thabiso and John as they report to him.