What are the theories applicable to this case study; Callum, 39 and lives with his daughter Hannah, aged 17. Julie, Hannah’s mother and Callum’s partner died in car accident last year and her death has hit Callum hard. Callum was a chef working in a hig

In analyzing the case study of Callum and Hannah, several psychological, sociological, and economic theories can be applied to understand their situation and challenges. Here are some relevant theories: ### 1. **Grief and Bereavement Theories** - **Kubler-Ross Model (Stages of Grief)**: This model outlines five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Callum is likely experiencing one or more of these stages following Julie's death, impacting his emotional health and capacity to work. - **Worden's Four Tasks of Mourning**: This theory emphasizes the active process of grief, where individuals must accept the reality of the loss, process the pain of grief, adjust to an environment without the deceased, and emotionally relocate the deceased while moving on with life. ### 2. **Stress and Coping Theories** - **Lazarus and Folkman’s Stress-Coping Model**: This theory addresses how individuals experience and cope with stress. Callum's panic attacks can be viewed as a response to overwhelming stress, and his actions to seek help from a charity and a social work student represent problem-focused coping strategies. - **Transactional Model of Stress and Coping**: This model suggests that stress is a result of an individual's appraisal of a situation and their coping resources. Callum may struggle to assess his situation positively due to financial and emotional distress. ### 3. **Economic Theories** - **Poverty Theory**: The concept of "deep poverty" indicates that Callum and Hannah are facing extreme financial challenges, often leading to a cycle of poverty that limits access to resources and opportunities, affecting their well-being and quality of life. - **Resource Dependency Theory**: This theory suggests that families in poverty are dependent on external resources (like social services and charities) for coping and survival, which reflects Callum's situation as he seeks support from local charities. ### 4. **Family Systems Theory** - This theory examines the family as a unit and how each member influences the other. Callum's grief and financial struggles are impacting Hannah's education and mental health, creating a complex family dynamic where both are trying to support each other but may inadvertently contribute to stress and burnout. ### 5. **Social Learning Theory** - According to Bandura, individuals learn behavior through observation and imitation. Hannah might feel the pressure to take on extra work to support Callum, potentially impacting her aspirations and self-efficacy in pursuing her passion for dance and drama. ### 6. **Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs** - Callum and Hannah may be struggling to meet their basic needs (food, shelter), which according to Maslow, must be satisfied before higher-level psychological needs (like belonging or esteem) can be addressed. Their financial struggles can impede their overall well-being and personal development. ### 7. **Resilience Theory** - This framework posits that individuals and families can develop resilience in the face of adversity. Callum's willingness to engage with support services demonstrates a capacity for resilience, as does Hannah’s effort to balance work and her studies. ### Conclusion By applying these theories, we can gain a multidimensional understanding of Callum and Hannah's situation, recognizing the interplay between their emotional states, financial challenges, family dynamics, and external supports. This comprehensive perspective can guide interventions to aid their recovery and stability.